EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumandtheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesMuseum
EmperorQinShihuang(259-210B.C.)metothethroneoftheQinatage13,221B.C.,hehadannexedthesixrivalprincipalitiesofQi,Chu,Yan,Han,ZhaoandWei,andestablishedthefirstfeudalempireinChina’shistory.
Intheyear221B.C.,whenheunifiedthewholecountry,medhimselfShihuangDi,thefirstemperorinthehopethathislatergenerationsbethesecond,ethen,thesupremefeudalrulersofChina’sdynastieshadcontinuedtocallthemselvesHuangDi,theemperor.
Afterhehadannexedtheothersixstates,andardizedlegalcodes,writtenlanguage,track,currencies,hadagreatanddeepinfluenceuponChina’s2,000yearoldfeudalsociety.
EmperorQinShihuangorderedthebooksofvariousschoolsburnedexceptthoseoftheQindynasty’shistoryandculture,esult,China’over,eeventswerelatercalledinhistory“theburningofbooksandtheburyingofConfucianscholars.”
EmperorQinShihuang，forhisownpleasure,nnobodyknewwhereherangingtreasuresinsidethetomb,wereenclosedalive.
EmperorQinShihuang’ver,thethreepitsoftheterra-cottawarriotexcavatedoutsidetheeastgateoftheouterenclosureofthenecropoliscanmakeoneimaginehowmagnificentandluxuriousthestructureofEmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumwas.
北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词
No.1PitwasstumbleduponinMarch1974whenvillagersofXiyangVillageofYanzhaitownship,LintongCounty,1976,erra-cottawarriorsandhorsesarearrayedaccordingtotheQindynastybattleformation,1975,amuseum,housingthesiteofNo.1andcoveringanareaof16,useumwasformallyopenedtopubliconOct.1,theNationalDay,1979.
No.1Pitis230meterslongfromeasttowest,62mwidefromnorthtosouthand5mdeep,coveringatotalareaof14,itisdividedintoelevencorridorsbytenearthenpartitionwalls,krafterswereplacedontothewalls(butnowonecanonlyseetheirremains),attleformationoftheQindynasty,eeastendarearrayedthreelinesofterra-cottawarriors,70piecesineach,diatelybehindthemare38columnsofinfantrymenalternatingwithwarchariotsinthecorridors,eisonelineofwarriorsintheleft,rightandwestendsrespectively,earealtogether27trialtrench,itisassumedthatmorethan6,000claywarriorsandhorsescouldbeunearthedfromNo.1Pit.
No.2PitsisabouthalfthesizeofNo.1Pit,coveringabout6,000squaremetersTraildiggingsshowthisisacompositeformationofinfantry,cavalryandchariotsoldiers,fromwhichroughlyover1,000claywarriors,2,heirshafts,crossyokes,andwheels,rdingtotextualresearch,orsesforthecavalrymenwerealreadysaddled,butwithnostirups.
No.3Pitcoversanareaof520m2withonlyfourhorses,onechariotand68warriors,,No.2and3Pitshavebeenrefilled,esepits,onecanseetracesofburntbeamseverywhere,ysisshowsthatthepitswereburneddownbyXiangYu,ftheclaywarriorsinthethreepitsheldrealweaponsintheirhandsandfaceeast,showingEmperorQinShihuang’sstrongdeterminationofwipingoutthesixstatesandunifyingthewholecountry.
Theheightoftheterra-cottawarriorsvariesfrom1.78m,theshortest,to1.97m,organicallycombinedtheskillsofroundengraving,bas-reliefandlinearengraving,andutilizedthesixtraditionalfolkcraftsofsculpturing,suchashand-moulding,sticking,cutting,laymodelswerethenputinkilns,eterra-cottafigureshavebeebburntandhavegonethroughthenaturalprocessofdecay,wecan’ver,mostoftheterra-cottafiguresbearthetraceoftheoriginalcolours,arefoundtobepaintedbymineraldyestuffsofvermilion,brightred,pinkdarkgreen,powdergreen,purple,blue,orange,blackandwhitecolours.
Thousandsofrealweaponswereunearthedfromtheseterra-cottaarmypits,includingbroadknives,swords,spears,dagger-axes,halberds,bows,ofthemearestillverysharp,analysesshowthattheyaremadeofalloysofcopperandtin,etheirsurfacesweretreatedwithchromium,theyareasbrightasnew,thoughburiedundergroundformorethan2,indicatesthatQindynasty’smetallurgicaltechnologyandweapon-manufacturingtechniquealreadyreachedquiteahighlevel.
InDecember1980,twoteamsoflargepaintedbronzechariotsandhorseswereunearthed20metreswestofthemoundofEmperorQinShihuang’esingleshaftfour-horsechariotseachcomprises3,462spareparts,andhasabodywithtwocompartments,onebehindtheother,estoredbronzechariotsandhorsesareexactimitationsoftruechariot,horseanddriverinhalflife-size.
havebeenfittedwithmorethan1,500pieceseofgoldandsilversanddecorations,lookingluxurious,ablytheyweremeantfortheuseofEmperorQinShihuang’ronzechariotsandhorsesweremadebylostwaxcasting,nstance,thetortoise-shell-likecanopyisabout4mmthick,rdingtoapreliminarystudy,thetechnologyofmanufacturingthebronzechariotsandhorseshasinvolvedcasting,welding,reveting,xcavationofthebronzechariotsandhorsesprovidesextremelyvaluablematerialanddataforthetextualresearchofthemetallurgicaltechnique,themechanismofthechariotandtechnologicalmodelingoftheQindynasty.
No.2bronzechariotandhorsesnowondisplaywerefoundbrokeninto1,rtwo-and-halfyears’carefulandpainstakingrestorationbyarchaeologistsandvariousspecialists,theywereformallyexhibitedinthemuseumonOctober1,.1bronzechariothandhorsesareondisplayfrom1988.