semiquantitatie analysis of the autoradiographs放射自显影半剂量分析the higher the diffusion rate,the higher thdchance of each newlyiodinated tgb molecule cominginto repeated contact with the peroxidase site at theapical membrane弥散率越高,新碘化的tgb分子与实膜过氧物酶部位所接触的机会越多。
有些杂志,某些作者除采用正标题之外,还采用副标题,这种情况在国外刊物上的各类论文中可谓俯拾即是。采用副标题,一般是在正标题过于简单、笼统的情况下,起到补充和系统说明正题等的作用,或是要强调某一个方面或几个方面,以其引起读者注意等等。ultra-low-volume administration:systemsevaluation and date analysis超低量用药一系列评价和数据分析(补充正题)。medical chemotherapy works forbreast cancer with involved nodes医学新闻:辅助性化学疗法对伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌奏效(说明上题)。unresolved issue:do smokers catch less lungcancer?尚未解决的问题:吸烟者患肺癌少吗?(提醒人们注意吸烟者患肺癌的数量增加)。
有时,为了避免标题太长而使用缩写词。effect of lats(=long-acting thyroid stimula-tor)and lats protectoron htaca(=human thy-roid adeny cyclase activity)长效甲状腺刺激素和长效甲状腺刺激素保护物对人体甲状腺甙酸环化酶活性的作用。考虑文章较长,可在统一的标题下,用不同的副标题分成若干相对独立的篇章。例如:factors influ-encing one's ability to adopt to chronic illness影响个人对慢性疾病适应能力的因素(1)care保健;(2)technology技术学;(3)family relation-ships家庭关系;(4)developmental level发展水平(研究标准);(5)cultural valuesand beliefs文化价值和信仰。
abstract(summary)摘要、提要
这部分是对整篇文章的高度概括或浓缩,故要简单、明了。常用的词汇和句型有:somebody studied(examined investigated,determined,found,reported,interviewed,measured,documented,considered,though evaluated,observed,…)。运用这些动词,所采用的时态通常是一般过去时和现在完成时。被动语态也屡见不鲜,常见有:this study was taken to ex-amine… ;patients with…were followed up for+时间;it is showed that… ;it is concluded that… ;indicationswere obtained that… ,等。结尾时常用的表达方法有:the results indicate(show,state,suggest,demon-strate,conclude,express…)that… ;these findingshave special importance in showing that… ;the find-ings have general significance in that… ;this possibilityis strengthening by the observation that… ,等等。例:
enzyme linkel immunosorbent assay(elisa)isused to the detection for antibody of anti-thy oglobulinin normal human serum,cord serum,and amniotic results demonstrate that it seemed to be an cer-tain rule that the lower appeared in the amniotic fluid,the highest in cord body is decreasing for anormal level with the grown-up age after isthus concluded that antibody of anti-thyroglobulin wemeasured may play a certain significance in diagnosis ofcretinism by elisa.作者采用elisa对正常人的血清、脐带血清和羊水中的抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体进行了测定。其结果有一定规律:抗体在胎生期首先出现,分娩时浓度达高峰,而后随年龄增长逐渐降至正常水平。故测定该抗体对地方克汀病之诊断有一定意义。